In 1862, the Tokugawa shogunate started publishing the Kampan batabiya shinbun, a translated version of the greatly distributed Dutch newspaper. These two papers were released for foreigners, and contained only overseas news. By the 1780s, some German publishers have been even putting out newspapers aimed explicitly in the peasant populace. https://bookmarkinglive.com/story19215053/bulletins-no-further-a-mystery